We found that, as reported in Western studies, 14-17 variceal bleeding accounted for more than 80% of first upper gastrointestinal bleeds in patients with esophageal varices, and most of these ...

[154] Variceal band ligation has replaced sclerotherapy ... appears to be more appropriate for patients who rebleed (from esophageal or gastric varices), who are refractory to endoscopic therapy ...