Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a complex and highly regulated process during which several initiation factors cooperate to recruit an initiator tRNA to the small ribosomal subunit, where ...

Graphic: Courtesy of Peter Haebel RIBOSOME REVEALEDA view of the active site of the large ribosomal subunit. Proteins of this large assembly are shown in yellow; the ribosomal RNA is in gray.

No uniform standard for the clear characterization of IRES. IRES were first described in the viral genome, where they allow the replication of viruses in infected cells by recruiting host ribosomes.

Crosslinks show the large, disordered protein wraps around the 40S subunit, with its plug region displaced by the Nsp1 helices. Crosslinks mapped onto PAIRB-bound 80S ribosome (pdb 6z6n) (46).

This study provides novel insights into the elongation dynamics of eukaryotic cells and the counteracting mechanisms in place to reduce translation defects during protein synthesis.